The Ethereum blockchain’s Fusaka upgrade is now officially live, marking what preliminary feedback suggests is a major success in the execution of the Ethereum roadmap and the next leap toward massive scalability. This optimistic assessment was immediately reflected in the market.

Ether ( ETH) saw a strong rallying movement in the hours following the upgrade, surging to $3,222, marking its highest price point since Nov. 17. This movement is particularly notable considering ETH was trading around $2,800 just a day prior, on Dec. 2, underscoring the market’s positive fundamental reaction to the protocol shift.

Rolling out approximately seven months after the transformative Pectra upgrade, Fusaka is lauded for delivering critical technical improvements that fundamentally reshape the protocol’s capacity. These enhancements are poised to deliver on the long-term promise of lower and significantly more predictable Layer 2 (L2) fees and substantially greater scalability.

Read more: Fusaka Upgrade Lands Tomorrow — Ethereum Set to Gain Strong L2 Data Flow and Sharper Gas Controls

A key mechanism driving this improvement is the simultaneous raising of the block gas limit to 60 million and the introduction of a per-transaction gas limit cap (TGLC) of 16.78 million gas. The decision to raise the TGLC to the precise threshold of 16.78 million gas has ignited a technical debate. Critics have seized upon this seemingly arbitrary number, arguing that the specific cap was randomly picked rather than being derived from rigorous, publicly vetted technical analysis.

This gas cap limit has sparked debate within the developer community over whether such a critical parameter—which directly impacts the worst-case block processing time—should have been introduced without more transparent and extensive simulation and consensus, potentially adding an element of uncertainty to block validation. However, experts insist this threshold is precisely what is needed to prevent a single transaction from disproportionately consuming network resources.

Mo Dong, CEO and co-founder of Brevis, highlighted the technical elegance and efficiency of the chosen value. He explained that the specific threshold of 16.78 million gas is beneficial because its “power-of-two value also simplifies implementation across different client codebases.” In addition, Dong noted, “More importantly, the cap enables parallelization,” allowing nodes to process transactions more efficiently.

This sentiment is echoed by Charles d’Haussy, CEO of dYdX Foundation, who asserted that this threshold allows for the execution of large transactions without risking a slowdown or Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack on the network. The dYdX Foundation CEO speculated on the rationale, adding: “Developers chose this number because it’s large enough not to disrupt normal activity, but small enough to guarantee predictable execution times and keep the network safe.”

By introducing Peer Data Availability Sampling (PeerDAS) and potentially expanding blob capacity by up to eight times, the Fusaka upgrade has sparked a vibrant debate among experts regarding the precise impact on L2 fee costs and which rollup architecture stands to gain the most. Indeed, the experts interviewed agree that the fee reduction resulting from PeerDAS will be substantial but not proportional to the capacity increase.

Ivo Georgiev, CEO and founder of Ambire Wallet, projects the maximum fee reduction not to exceed 80%.“It’s not as straightforward as expecting an 8x drop in price, but considering the current cost composition of rollup transactions, a 30-40% drop is to be almost immediately expected,” Georgiev stated. The implementation of PeerDAS fundamentally changes how blob data is handled on Ethereum.

By distributing data across nodes rather than requiring full replication, PeerDAS directly addresses the long-term scalability challenge. This architectural change—distributing blob data across nodes instead of requiring full replication—has prompted scrutiny regarding its impact on network latency and data security.

According to Dong, the implementation represents a carefully calculated technical trade-off designed to achieve massive scaling while maintaining Ethereum’s fundamental integrity. The main security benefit, according to Dong, lies in its ability to resist data-withholding attacks with overwhelming certainty.

“Under adversarial conditions where a block producer withholds data, the sampling scheme provides cryptographic guarantees that unavailability will be detected with overwhelming probability. The security analysis shows attack success rates dropping to negligible levels (roughly one in $10^{20}$) as network size grows,” the Brevis CEO said. Georgiev, on the other hand, asserts that with the PeerDAS implementation, “there’s almost no ‘real’ tangible trade-off, it’s almost entirely a win.”

Still, critics argue PeerDAS may introduce systemic risks related to block finality or data retention that developers must now account for. While this is likely, d’Haussy expressed confidence that this will not lead to new fundamental dangers.

“Sampling actually makes it harder to finalize a block with missing data, because validators only vote once they confirm availability. The main risk window is short-term — network slowdowns could cause temporary missed attestations,” d’Haussy said.

However, d’Haussy and other experts concur that the Fusaka upgrade will ultimately solidify Ethereum’s position as the secure, decentralized settlement layer for a multi-chain ecosystem. By unlocking new levels of throughput and cost-efficiency, it empowers the Layer 2 economy and firmly sets the stage for the next wave of innovation, ensuring the network can scale without sacrificing its core principles.

• What happened after the Fusaka upgrade? ETH surged to $3,222, its highest price since Nov. 17, reflecting strong market optimism.
• What are the key technical changes? The upgrade raised the block gas limit to 60M and set a per-transaction cap at 16.78M gas.
• How does PeerDAS improve scalability? It distributes blob data across nodes, cutting L2 fees by 30–40% and boosting throughput.
• Is the network still secure? Experts say PeerDAS resists data-withholding attacks and keeps Ethereum safe as it scales.

免责声明：本文章仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本平台的立场和观点。本文章仅供信息分享，不构成对任何人的任何投资建议。用户与作者之间的任何争议，与本平台无关。如网页中刊载的文章或图片涉及侵权，请提供相关的权利证明和身份证明发送邮件到support@aicoin.com，本平台相关工作人员将会进行核查。