The list keeps growing! There are now 20 peer reviewed articles showing Bitcoin has significant environmental benefits. 1. How Bitcoin Can Support Renewable Energy Development & Climate Action (Lal & You 2023) Journal: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c05445 Findings: Bitcoin mining helps renewable developers generate more profits, accelerating the renewable transition 2. Renewable Energy Transition Facilitated by Bitcoin (Velický 2023) Journal: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c06077 Findings: "The opportunities offered by bitcoin mining in reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions and renewable energy transition are greater than generally assumed" 3. Can Bitcoin mining empower energy transition and fuel sustainable development goals in the US? (Lal et al. 2024) Journal: Journal of Cleaner Production https://sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652624002464 Findings: Bitcoin mining with renewable energy is profitable in 96% of cases, is more consistently profitable than chemical-based utilization (hydrogen, ammonia, methanol), and "profits from bitcoin mining can empower energy transition" 4. Rethinking bitcoin's energy use through sustainable digital business models and resources monetization (Dasaklis et al. 2025) Journal: Digital Business https://sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666954425000092#s0105 Findings: * BTC mining can "promote cleaner energy use and reduce the carbon footprint of energy production" * By using renewable or stranded sources, Bitcoin mining aligns “economic incentives with sustainability goals" 5. Hedging Renewable Energy Investments with Bitcoin Mining (Bastian‐Pinto et al. 2021) Journal: Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews https://sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032120308054 Findings: Bitcoin mining acts as a financial hedge against low electricity prices, significantly improving the economic viability and profitability of wind energy projects. 6. Robust Optimization for Energy-Aware Cryptocurrency Farm Location with Renewable Energy (Lotfi et al. 2023) Journal: Computers & Industrial Engineering https://sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360835223000335 Findings: Presents an optimization model for strategically locating cryptocurrency mining facilities near renewable energy sources, minimizing costs and carbon footprints, thereby integrating mining operations sustainably into energy grids. 7. Renewable energy and cryptocurrency: A dual approach to economic viability and environmental sustainability (Hakimi et al. 2024) Journal: Heliyon https://cell.com/heliyon/fulltext/S2405-8440(24)15796-9 Findings: * Bitcoin mining reduces the ROI from 8.1yrs to 3.5yrs while reducing CO2 emissions by 50,000 tonnes/year on a typical 50MW solar farm * Profits from Bitcoin mining using renewable generation help accelerate the energy transition * PoS blockchains (such as Ethereum) can not offer these features 8. Study on the Economics of Wind Energy Through Cryptocurrency (Vega-Marcos et al. 2022) Journal: Energy Reports https://accedacris.ulpgc.es/handle/10553/119153 Findings: Co-locating Bitcoin mining operations with wind farms significantly improves economic viability by generating additional revenue during periods when the wind farm is not supplying power to the grid. 9. Techno-economic and Environmental Evaluations of a Novel Cogeneration System Based on Solar Energy and Cryptocurrency Mining (Nikzad & Mehregan. 2022) Journal: Solar Energy https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0038092X22000172 Findings: Combining crypto-mining with a typical "PV rooftop system can supply 83% of the consumed electricity of the mining system per year and prevent the annual emissions of 5.5 tCO2 to the atmosphere simultaneously." 10. Cryptocurrency mining as a novel virtual energy storage system in islanded and grid-connected microgrids (Hajiaghapour-Moghimi et al. 2024) Journal: International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems https://sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524001364 Findings: Microgrids (MGs) not using Bitcoin Mining waste significant renewable energy. However using Bitcoin mining stops almost all renewable waste reduces MG costs by 46% * accelerates MG development * decarbonizes power production 11. Climate sustainability through a dynamic duo: Green hydrogen and crypto driving energy transition and decarbonization (Lal & You. 2024) Journal: PNAS https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2313911121… Findings: Combining green hydrogen and Bitcoin can enable capacity expansions of up to 25.5% for solar power and 73.2% for wind powered operations. 12. Mining Bitcoins with Carbon Capture and Renewable Energy for Carbon Neutrality Across States in the USA (Niaz et al. 2022) Journal: Energy & Environmental Science https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/ee/d1ee03804d Findings: Integrating Bitcoin mining with direct air carbon capture and renewable energy has the potential to make Bitcoin mining carbon-neutral, depending on state-specific electricity grids. 13. The Feasibility Study of the Production of Bitcoin with Geothermal Energy: Case Study (Aliehyaei et al. 2023) Journal: Energy Science & Engineering https://researchgate.net/publication/376862285_The_feasibility_study_of_the_production_of_Bitcoin_with_geothermal_energy_Case_study Findings: Demonstrates the economic feasibility of powering Bitcoin mining operations with geothermal energy, providing a renewable, profitable alternative to traditional energy sources. 14. The Relationship between Biomass & Bitcoin (Semaan et al. 2024) Journal: Sustainability https://mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/18/7919 Findings * "Bitcoin [can] accelerate the UN's Sustainable Development Goals” * Bitcoin mining provides a way to make often economically unviable bio-refineries profitable 15. An integrated landfill gas-to-energy and Bitcoin mining framework (Rudd et al. 2024) Journal: Journal of Cleaner Production https://sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652624029652?via%3Dihub Findings: Bitcoin mining can profitably reduce landfill methane 16. Improving Grid Stability and Reliability (enables grid to support additional variable renewable energy) 1. High resolution modelling and analysis of cryptocurrency mining’s impact on power grids: Carbon footprint, reliability, and electricity price (Menati et al. 2023) Journal: Advances in Applied Energy (Impact factor: 13) https://sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266679242300015X Findings: Bitcoin mining's flexibility increases both grid reliability & stability 17. Grid Decarbonization through Demand Response 1. Bitcoin’s Carbon Footprint Revisited: Proof of Work Mining for Renewable Energy Expansion (Ibañez et al. 2022) Journal: Challenges https://mdpi.com/2078-1547/14/3/35 Findings: [our research finding support] "a possible role for Bitcoin mining in promoting grid decarbonization" through effective demand response” 18. Bitcoin and Its Energy, Environmental & Social Impacts (Rudd et al. 2023) Journal: Challenges https://mdpi.com/2078-1547/14/4/47 Findings: There is "transformative potential in the Bitcoin mining sector, especially regarding demand response, grid flexibility, and methane mitigation" 19. Can Bitcoin mining increase renewable capacity? (Bruno et al. 2023) Journal: Resource & Energy Economics https://sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0928765523000313 Findings * Bitcoin mining can increase renewable energy penetration and obviates need for gas peaker plants * "When Bitcoin miners provide ... demand response, their emissions impact is largely mitigated." 20. Flaws in first gen Bitcoin mining & energy research Promoting rigor in blockchain energy and environmental footprint research (Sai & Vranken 2024) Journal: Blockchain-Research and Applications https://sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096720923000441?via%3Dihub Findings: Reveals significant data-gathering and methodological flaws in the works of Alex de Vries/Digiconomist and other early commentators on Bitcoin mining