The ultimate optimization of APT: Zaptos' new architecture for optimizing blockchain latency and throughput Zaptos is a newly designed blockchain pipeline architecture that aims to achieve the dual goals of low latency and high throughput by maximizing resource utilization. This architecture is built upon @ Aptos' existing pipeline design and significantly reduces end-to-end latency through a series of key optimizations, breaking through the current bottleneck of blockchain performance. 🎯 Core technology innovation one ️⃣ Optimistic Execution Zapos has implemented early execution of transactions. In the consensus stage, validators can directly add block proposals to the pipeline and start executing them without waiting for them to be sorted. This speculative execution significantly reduces overall latency while allowing for synchronized verification of execution status across all nodes. two ️⃣ Optimistic commit After the execution phase is completed, the block can be submitted to storage in advance without waiting for state authentication. This method reduces the delay in the submission phase while ensuring that the system can roll back to a consistent state when the consensus has not finally confirmed the block. three ️⃣ Integration of state authentication and consensus stage By running state authentication in parallel with the final round of consensus, Zaptos advances the authentication phase, saving one consensus round of time in the pipeline. 📝 Significant performance improvement • Significantly reduce end-to-end latency Zaptos' design ensures that its end-to-end latency is only equal to the "client validator communication latency+consensus latency", which is 160 milliseconds faster than Aptos at low loads and over 500 milliseconds shorter at high loads. Even at 20000 TPS (transaction volume per second), Zaptos can achieve sub second latency, far exceeding existing blockchain systems. Balancing high throughput and stability In high TPS scenarios, Zapto's optimization effectively masks the latency of most stages in the pipeline, maintaining stable performance even under maximum load. 🎬 Practical application prospects Zapos' low latency and high throughput capabilities have opened new doors for decentralized applications (DApps). Especially in payment DeFi、 In scenarios such as games that require high real-time performance, transactions will be smoother. The NFT field can also achieve more fair auctions and flash sales activities, avoiding transaction failures during peak periods. Summary: With Web3 technology moving towards mainstream applications, Zaptos' innovative architecture proves the importance of optimizing the overall pipeline. It not only improves system efficiency, but also provides unprecedented user experience for users and developers. Zaptos is an important step for APT public chains to move towards a new era of low latency and high performance, which will provide a solid foundation for future global decentralized applications and deserves special attention. 🧐