Why is there such a big difference in national character between China, Japan, and India? In fact, it is closely related to their respective geographical factors. Let's start with Japan, which has the most distinct characteristics. The characteristics of ancient rural Japan are several: 1/It is mountainous, with land far apart from each other, and there is basically no cooperation or conflict of interest between villages, making them self-sufficient 2/There are many natural disasters, requiring villagers to work together to resist them Japan has a temperate climate with limited rainfall, mainly relying on irrigation and intensive farming, which further increases the requirements for the synergy of villages So the characteristic of Japan is a high degree of synergy. In this situation, the developed culture is highly consistent, and even a culture similar to the "village eight point" has emerged, which eliminates ideological heretics from society and excludes them from the collective. Therefore, Japan's highly collaborative positioning in the manufacturing industry is like a fish in water, surpassing the blue and developing production models such as JIT. On the other extreme, India. The geographical and climatic characteristics of ancient India are as follows. The villages are naturally separated, which is similar to Japan However, India has a rainy season and a dry season. Rice mainly relies on the weather for food during the rainy season, while during the dry season, it is completely abandoned due to high evaporation and limited water in the rivers. Therefore, crops in India do not require precise irrigation (synergy), each taking care of its own needs. In this highly decentralized/low collaborative mode, land gradually becomes centralized, thus inventing the caste system to solidify classes and reduce friction. So the collaboration among Indians is very poor. In fact, by observing something, one can know that it is the punctuality of trains. Finally, regarding China, it is different. The Great Plains are the main area, with major rivers running through the whole country, so one characteristic is high mobility - which makes blood ties an important link. There needs to be some coordination within the village, but there is a higher requirement for cross village coordination during irrigation. Therefore, the power of the government is needed to build water conservancy projects and mediate disputes (water disputes). This kind of small collective collaboration/mobility has developed a face culture. Face is social status, but face is real-time and fluid. You may have face today, but if you do something 'wrong' tomorrow, you can also lose face. Why do rural weddings and funerals need to be held in a grand manner? This is face, this is status. In a word, the Chinese are between Japan and India in the cooperation of small groups, but they have more advantages in the cooperation of large groups. By extension, do you understand why Japanese rice prices remain high, and why Indian fighter jets dare to directly charge upwards as targets while flying the Rafale.